50 Chapter 9: Political Anthropology: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Quiz

ANT112 OER SACC Quiz Questions

Chapter 9: Political Anthropology: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

True / False questions are identified by the “T” or “F” in front of the statement.

Multiple-choice questions identify the correct answer with a “+”.  Multiple-choice question alternatives (answer and distractors) should be randomized.

• F:   As societies become more complex, their means of control over their members decreases.

• The two main forces that govern political workings within societies are authority and ______________.

+   power

redistribution

taxation

military

• _______________ is the ability to induce people to behave in specific ways, by threatening or using physical force, or coercion.

+   Power

Authority

Military might

Political endorsement

• _______________ is the ability to induce people to behave in specific ways, by the use of persuasion.

+    Authority

Power

Political endorsement

Politics

• T:    Legitimacy is a term that refers to the belief that a certain person has the right to leadership over others.

• T:    The right for one individual or group to rule over others has been justified in many societies in various ways. These include hereditary succession supernatural beliefs.

• The term, ______________________, refers to a style of group organization in which the members refuse to allow one person to exercise power over them.

+   reverse dominance

reverse colonialism

inverted dominance

inverted colonialism

• According to Julian Steward, the family functions as the main political component, among the _______________.

+   Shoshone

!Kung

Aka

Mbuti

• Elman Service categorized groups in four different levels of socio-cultural integration. They are the band, _______________, state, and tribe.

+   chiefdom

fiefdom

peasant

caste

• Which of these groups, generally speaking, prefer to exercise authority more often than power?

+    Foragers

Pastoralists

Agriculturalists

Chiefdoms

• In a(n) _______________ society, there are no large differences in power, status and wealth among its members.

+   egalitarian

chiefdom

pastoral

state

• F:   In band-level political organization, the number of people in a specific band is usually more than 100 members.

• The leader of a foraging band may described as:

+   the first among equals

the best hunter

the best gatherer

the most knowledgeable

• Ways that disputes are settled among band-level social groups include ridicule and _______________.

+    duels using songs and chants

going before a judge

asking a formal mediator for help

going to a court of law

• Among the Mbuti, elders use _______________ to help settle disputes within their group.

+     humor

courts of law

chanting duels

song duels

• A _______________ society includes at least two groups that are distinguished from one another, but are linked together through their social institutions.

+    tribal

forager

band

chiefdom

• F:    A big man is a hereditary leadership style in which the leader gains permanent influence over his followers.

• T:    The age sets among the Tiriki of Kenya are an example of a sodality.

• In many of the tribes of New Guinea, the _______________ is a way to draw people together from different family lineages in a village.

+    men’s house

women’s house

communal children’s house

spirit house

• Marcel Maus, who wrote about “total prestations,” said that when people meet for the first time, they have three options for creating a relationship.  One of them is:

+   pass by and never see each other again.

pass by and then turn around to make an acquaintance.

pass by and then seek a mediator to introduce them to each other.

pass by and then start a feud for resources.

• T:   Among the Maori, the “hau” is the “spirit of the gift,” and it should be given back to its owner.

• Examples of segmentary lineages, where lineages are hierarchically categorized, can be found among the _______________, the Tiv, and the Bedouin.

+   Nuer

Mandan

Shoshone

Aka

• As explained in the text, the famous Bedouin proverb below is an example of what type of lineage?

“I against my brother

I and my brother against my cousin

I, my brother, and my cousin against the world”

+   Segmentary

Familial

Cross-cutting

Patriate

• One example of an ordeal, practiced by the Azande in Africa, includes the use of a _______________ oracle.

+    poison

snake

boiling water

shaman

• A mediator among the Nuer is named for the type of garment worn by that person. What is that garment made of?

+    Leopard skin

Snake skin

Oxen hide

Lion mane

• What is the difference between a raid and a feud?

+  A feud includes continuing hostilities between two groups

A raid includes long-term use of physical force.

The goal of a feud is to steal women from another village.

The goal of a raid is to gain territory from another group.

• In a chiefdom, people of different ranks are differentiated by the way they adorn themselves. This is related to _______________.

+     sumptuary rules

hierarchical dressage

body dysmorphia

age sets

• T:    A chiefdom is an example of a ranked society, and includes rules of succession for the office of the chief.

• Among the Northwest Coast Indians, a potlatch included a _______________, and validated the chief’s position in his group.

+     a redistribution of goods

song duel

shamanic dance

salmon fishing ceremony

• The Haida have _______________ clans.

+    four

three

seven

ten

• The Natchez peoples used marriage as a way to reinforce dominance, but also allowed for upward mobility among four classes. Which one of these pairings allowed for upward mobility for their children?

+   A Great Sun woman marries a stinkard.

A stinkard marries another stinkard.

A stinkard man marries a Grey Owl woman.

A Grey Owl man marries a Great Sun woman.

• The four varna in India’s caste system include Brahmins, Kshatriya, Sudras, and _______________.

+   Vaishyas

Harijan

Dalit

Rasa

• The four varna of the caste system in India are correlated to the parts of Manu. What part is represented by the Kshatriya?

+   arms

head

legs

feet

• In the jajmani relationship, the receiver of the service is called the _______________.

+kamin

jati

jajman

Harijan

• The caste system in India is based on Hinduism, and includes a belief that what one does in this life is the result of what was done in previous lives. This is referred to as _______________.

+   karma

dalit

jajman

rasa

• Which group of people in Japan has a status that is similar to the Dalits in India?

+   Burakumin

Sudras

Aineapa

Manu

• T:   An important aspect of a state is the use of ideologies that reinforce the right of the ruler to exercise power over others.

• A state is not the same as a nation. A nation is a(n):

+    ethnic population.

coercive political institution.

conglomeration of several different ethnic groups.

military power.

• _______________ is the term used for the movement of people in areas outside of their homeland.

+    Diaspora

Proletarianization

Redistribution

Segmentary lineage

• In Guatemala, the president privatized the land that had been held in common by the Mayan peasants. This loss of land is an example of _______________.

+    proletarianization

the haciendada system

redistribution

communism

• The Code of ________________ is considered the first known system of codified laws.

+   Hammurabi

the Inca

ISIS

the Romans

• Warfare is most widespread in _______________.

+   states

foraging cultures

chiefdoms

pastoral societies

• ISIS is a _______________.

+    theocracy

democracy

republic

monarchy

• According to Atwan, there are two kinds of states: declaratory and _______________.

+   constitutive

shell

republic

democratic

• In ISIS, the “hisbah” are the _______________ police.

+   moral

thought

regular

cross-cultural