11 Glossary and References
Glossary
| TERM | DEFINITION |
|---|---|
| Abstract Word | Words that refer to ideas or concepts that are removed from material reality. |
| Axiology | A part of worldview; refers to an individual or group’s value system. |
| Channel | The means through which the message travels. |
| Communicator | The people in the interaction or speech setting who encode and decode messages simultaneously. |
| Concrete Word | A word that describes a tangible object that can be perceived through the senses. |
| Context | The communication rules that govern different physical settings and/or different types of relationships. |
| Cosmology | A part of worldview; refers to the way individuals and groups see themselves in relation to other people and their view of their place in the universe. |
| Cultural Noise | Differences in worldview that cause message interference. |
| Decoding | The process of listening to words and interpreting the words so they are associated with a mental image. |
| Encoding | The process of taking a mental image, associating the image with words, and then speaking those words. |
| Epistemology | A part of worldview; refers to the way an individual or group acquires knowledge or what counts as knowledge. |
| Listening | The psychological process of interpreting and making sense of the messages we receive. |
| Message | The words, nonverbal behavior, or other signals transmitted from one person to another. |
| Noise | Anything that interferes with the message transmission or the encoding and decoding process. |
| Nonverbal Behavior | All of the messages we send — except for the words we say. Can include appearance, eye behavior, kinesics (body movement), proxemics (use of space), touch, time, and smell. |
| Norms | The verbal and nonverbal rules (usually unspoken) that govern communicative behavior. |
| Ontology | A part of worldview; refers to an individual’s or group’s belief system. |
| Praxeology | A part of worldview; refers to the way an individual or group goes about tasks or solving problems. |
| Psychological Noise | Message interference that results from disturbed or excited mental states. |
| Physiological Noise | Message interference that results from bodily discomfort. |
| Physical Noise | Message interference that results when the noise level (as measured in decibels) makes it difficult to hear a message. |
| Public Speaking | The act of delivering a speech in front of a live audience. |
| Worldview | The overall framework through which an individual sees, thinks about, and interprets the world and interacts with it. |
References
Aras, K. (2012). The nuts and bolts of public speaking: Practical tools for powerful presentations. Retrieved from http://www.thecommunicationfactory.com/seminars/skills/PublicSpeaking.php
Barnlund, D. C. (2008). A transactional model of communication. In. C. D. Mortensen (Eds.), Communication theory (2nd Ed), pp. 47-57. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction.
Farrell, R. (2011). Soft skills all great leaders should have. CareerBuilder. http://www.careerbuilder.com/Article/CB-2335- Leadership-Management-Soft-skills-all-great-leaders-should-have/
History.com. (2012). The Kennedy- Nixon Debates. History.com. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/kennedy-nixon-debates
Koncz, A. and Allen, C. (2012). Employers look for communication skills, ability to work in a team in new college grads. www.naceweb.org/pressreleases/.
McKay, J. (2005). Employers complain about communication skills. Pittsburgh Post Gazette.
Rhodes, T. (Ed.) (2010). Assessing outcomes and improving achievement: Tips and tools for using rubrics. Washington D. C.: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
Rockler-Gladen, N. (2009, March 21). Job skills that every college student needs: Writing, speaking, professionalism, and other important knowledge. Suite 101.com. Retrieved from http://studyskills.suite101.com/article.cfm/job_skills_that_every_college _student_needs
Schreiber, L., Paul, G. & Shibley, L. R. (2012). The development and test of the Public Speaking Competence Rubric. Communication Education, 61 (3), 205 – 233.
Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press
U.S. Department of Labor (2000). Skills and tasks for jobs: A SCANS report for America 2000. The Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. Washington, D.C.
photo credits
p. 1 The Dali Lama http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Dalai-Lama-talking-to-KD.jpg By Wakan Foundation for the Arts
p. 2 Ronsenbaum talking to woman http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Michael_Rosenbaum_(4995506953).jpg By Vagueonthehow
p. 2 Alice Walker http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Alice_Walker_(cropped)1.jpg By Virginia Debolt
p. 5 The Kennedy / Nixon Debate 1960 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kenned y_Nixon_Debat_(1960).jpg By the National Park Service
p. 6 FEMA worker talking to woman http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/1/17/FEMA_-_32747_- _FEMA_Community_Relations_worker_talking_to_a_Ohio_resident.jpg Ficara / FEMA
p. 6 Superfans http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NFL_Superfans.jpg By HMJD02
p. 7 Hand cyclists at Warrior Games http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_- _Talking_technique.jpg By U.S. Army
p. 9 Reasons not to like public speaking http://www.flickr.com/photos/codepo8/4 348896264/by Christian Heilmann
p. 9 Woman drawing http://www.flickr.com/photos/jonnygoldstein/3958940167/sizes/m/in/photostream/ by Jonny Goldstein
