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3. The Origins of Western Thought
4. Socrates
5. Plato
6. Plato: Apology (Part 1)
7. Plato: Apology (Part 2)
8. Plato: The Republic, Book VII (Part 1)
9. Plato: The Republic, Book VII (Part 2)
10. Fallacies of Ambiguity
11. Logic as a Discipline
12. Arguments in Ordinary Language
13. Language and Logic
14. Definition and Meaning
15. Fallacies of Relevance
16. Fallacies of Presumption
17. Categorical Propositions
18. Categorical Syllogisms
19. Establishing Validity
20. Immediate Inferences
21. John Stuart Mill
22. Immanuel Kant: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals (Part 2)
23. Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil
24. Aristotle
25. Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics
26. Immanuel Kant
27. Immanuel Kant: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals (Part 1)
28. Jeremy Bentham: Morals and Legislation
29. John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism (Part 1)
30. John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism (Part 2)
31. Friedrich Nietzsche
32. Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason (Preface to the Second Edition)
33. George Berkeley
34. George Berkeley: First Dialogue Between Hylas and Philonous
35. George Berkeley: Second Dialogue Between Hylas and Philonous
36. George Berkeley: Third Dialogue Between Hylas and Philonous
37. David Hume
38. David Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (Section 2--"Of the Origin of Ideas")
39. David Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (Section 3--"Of the Association of Ideas")
40. David Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (Part 7–“Of the Idea of Necessary Connection”)
41. Immanuel Kant’s Critical Philosophy
42. Immanuel Kant, Experience, and Reality
43. Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason (Preface to the First Edition)
44. Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason (Introduction)
45. Rene Descartes: Discourse on Method (Part 4)
46. Rene Descartes: Discourse on Method (Parts 1 and 2)
47. Rene Descartes
48. Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica
49. Immanuel Kant: The Critique of Pure Reason
50. Thomas Aquinas
51. William Paley: Natural Theology
52. David Hume: Natural Religion
53. Blaise Pascal: Pensées
54. Anselm of Canterbury
55. Anselm: The Proslogium
56. Gaunilo: Pro Insipiente
57. Fyodor Dostoevsky: The Problem of Evil